{"id":7261,"date":"2025-09-17T19:06:55","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T19:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zolyno.com\/?page_id=7261"},"modified":"2026-02-19T11:50:32","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T11:50:32","slug":"livlandische-wolffs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/freiherren-von-wolff.com\/en\/livlandische-wolffs\/","title":{"rendered":"Livonian Wolffs"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Livonian Wolffs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Historical Development of the Barons von Wolff in Greater Livonia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A Lutheran, Orthodox, and Catholic family of councilors from Sagan (Lower Silesia), which settled in the village of Sagan and first appears in documents in 1427<\/strong>.<\/p>

The family coat of arms corresponds to that of the family of the same name, which lived between Priebus and Sagan from 1427 to 1572 in Hausdorf, Wolfsdorf, and Klein-Selden.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The reliable lineage begins with Hans Wolff<\/strong>, citizen in 1515 and councilor in 1520 in Sagan. With Sigismund Adam Wolff<\/strong> ( Sagan, 15.10.1646; \u2020 25.02.1720), secretary of the lower court and jurist in 1671, council secretary in 1677, councilor in 1687, and mayor of Narva in 1704, the family appears in the Baltic regions.<\/p>

The title Baron<\/strong> was recognized for the entire family by Senate decree on February 15, 1857; the imperial baronial status with the predicate \u201cwell-born\u201d has existed since September 22, 1747.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Priebus & Sagan, Niederschlesien<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The history of Silesia is also the history of struggles among princes with one another and with powerful neighbors, between town and countryside, between the estates on the one hand and the princes and the crown on the other, and later the struggle for confessional freedom.<\/span><\/p>

When the branch of the Wolff family immigrated and settled in the Principality of Sagan cannot be determined. There is also a lack of verifiable documentation concerning the exact history of the Wolff family prior to the period in Sagan; however, historical references to the Wolff family exist that suggest a much older lineage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The first mention of a member of the family dates from 1427; at that time, during a period of peace, Heinrich Wolff of Hausdorf is said to have had all his livestock taken from him and his poor people. In 1450, the Duchy of Sagan was divided among the three brothers, who soon fell into dispute over the partition. Arbitration was entrusted in 1452 to the city of G\u00f6rlitz, with eleven Sagan noblemen appointed as negotiators, among them Jorge Wolff of Wolfsdorf.\"<\/p>

In 1463, Hans Wolff was appointed captain of Sagan and was referred to by Duke Hans as \u2018our dear and faithful one.\u2019<\/p>

Between 1463 and 1465, Hans Wolff is more frequently mentioned as a witness in sales, and in 1474 he appears as the duke\u2019s confidant in a judicial dispute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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When Balthasar of Sagan obtained a ban against his brother Hans of Sagan in 1466, he was able to expel him from Sagan in 1463. However, Hans of Sagan recaptured Sagan as early as 1464. When Pope Paul II placed the supporters of Pod\u011bbrady under ban in 1466, Duke Heinrich of Freistadt and the people of G\u00f6rlitz turned against him and his supporter Duke Hans. In 1467, Duke Hans consequently issued a letter of feud to the six towns: Bautzen, G\u00f6rlitz, Zittau, Lauban, Kamenz, and L\u00f6bau. Among the sixty-two Sagan noblemen who co-signed the letter of feud were also Jorge Wolff, Hans Wolff, and Caspar Wolff.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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In 1474, the dukes granted Jorge Wolff a letter of fief over Hausdorf, Wolfsdorf, and Klein-Selten \u2018with all graces, rights, supreme and lower courts.\u2019 For these fiefs, Jorge Wolff was required, according to the register of knightly services of 1480, to provide: 1 horse, 1 wagon, 6 foot soldiers.<\/p>

In 1543, Elector Maurice of Saxony confirmed the estates to the descendants of Jorge Wolff. Even after the transfer of Sagan in 1553 to the Elector of Brandenburg, the estates were confirmed once again in 1558. In 1572, however, the Wolff possessions in Silesia came to an end due to disputes with Bishop Balthasar of Breslau. From the proceeds of the estates, the Wolffs settled in the city of Sagan.<\/p>

In 1403, Nickel Wolff is mentioned as mayor of Sagan; however, there is no proof that he belonged to the ancestral founders of the family.<\/p>

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the fortunes of the family were closely linked to those of the city of Sagan. In his Chronica of the Principalities of Sagan, Priebus, and Naumburg, published in print in 1601, the author reports: \u2018the most distinguished old families in the city of Sagan are the Neumanns. \u2026 Thereafter the \u2026, Wolffs and many others.\u2019
Sagan experienced an economic flourishing until the Thirty Years\u2019 War. The almost entirely Protestant Duchy of Sagan joined the Counter-Reformation and provided 1,500 soldiers. After the defeat at White Mountain, the city was forced to pay homage to Emperor Ferdinand, and as punishment for defection, part of Wallenstein\u2019s army was quartered in the duchy, which demanded contributions upon its withdrawal. In 1627, the emperor sold Sagan to Wallenstein, who in 1638 had himself enfeoffed with it.<\/p>

Despite the times of war, Adam Wolff III was nevertheless able to have his son Sigismund Adam educated, and after following his son Sigismund Adam to Narva, he was able in 1681 to distribute a not insignificant fortune to the children remaining in Sagan.<\/p>

From the very first moment of the Reformation, the Wolffs became adherents of this church. Hans II Wolff had at that time obtained from Duke Heinrich the transfer of the Barefoot Friars\u2019 Church to the Protestants. His descendants remained faithful to this confession. The Edict of 1668 struck them hard.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sagan Today<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Hausdorf, Wolfsdorf, and Klein-Selten were small rural settlements in historical Lower Silesia until 1945. With the reorganization of Europe after the Second World War, they became part of Polish state territory, received new names such as Domachowo, Wilczk\u00f3w, and Ma\u0142e Selno, and were incorporated into Polish administrative structures. These villages stand as representative examples of the complex heritage of Lower Silesia, in which shifting borders, cultural change, and historical continuity remain visible to this day.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Hanseatic City of Narva\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Due to the difficult conditions for Protestants in Sagan, Sigismund Adam Wolff, the progenitor of the family in Livonia and southern Russia, left Sagan in 1669, traveling via Danzig to Sweden and from there to Narva.<\/p>

After 23 years of Russian occupation, the city of Narva had become part of the Swedish Empire in 1581, but was recaptured again in 1581 by the White Muscovites. Through the Peace of Oliva in 1660 and from 1676 onward the permission granted to Russians to engage in crafts in Narva and to participate in trade with the Hanse, Narva experienced renewed prosperity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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At the invitation of the burgrave of Narva, J\u00fcrgen Tunder, to settle in Narva, Sigismund Adam Wolff accepted the offer, having left his homeland and seeking to establish a new existence for himself and possibly his family.

Sigismund Adam Wolff initially became preceptor to the children of the mayor of Narva, Lorenz Nummens, who belonged to the most influential and at the same time wealthiest citizens of Narva. In 1671 he married a niece of the mayor, thus gaining admission into the inner circle of the urban patriciate. In the same year he became secretary of the lower court, in 1677 council secretary, in 1687 councilor, and in 1704 judicial mayor. Thus his fate became most closely intertwined with the city of Narva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Alongside his official functions as councilor, Sigismund Adam Wolff very successfully conducted a trading business with the German Hanse together with his cousin Kehrwieder and was pledge holder of several estates in Estonia. The Hanse and thus primarily German merchants from L\u00fcbeck, Hamburg, Rostock, etc., strongly shaped this trading activity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tAlongside his official functions as councilor, Sigismund Adam Wolff very successfully conducted a trading business with the German Hanse together with his cousin Kehrwieder and was pledge holder of several estates in Estonia. The Hanse and thus primarily German merchants from L\u00fcbeck, Hamburg, Rostock, etc., strongly shaped this trading activity.\n


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In 1704, the city of Narva was taken after a prolonged siege and bombardment by Peter the Great in person. Sigismund Adam Wolff lost two of his children during the attacks. Sigismund Adam had lived in Burggasse in Narva since 1684.<\/p>

After two days of plundering by the Russians, Peter the Great personally intervened, ended the bloodshed, guaranteed the inhabitants of Narva continued possession of their houses, and called upon them to render homage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Coming to terms with the new regime became the task of Sigismund Adam Wolff. After the completion of the oath of homage, Sigismund Adam Wolff was still in 1704 appointed judicial mayor in the name of His Tsarist Majesty as the senior council relative, and the citizenry was admonished to accord him all due honor and respect. It was also the task of Sigismund Adam Wolff to present the sword of capitulation to Peter the Great and thus symbolically the city of Narva. At the same time, his eldest son of the same name was appointed court bailiff.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In the years that followed, Peter the Great stayed in Narva several times, and a personal friendship with Sigismund Adam Wolff was attributed to him. In 1708, however, the announcement followed that all citizens of Narva who had been in Narva during the Swedish period were to be deported to Russia. The resettlement of 1,700 inhabitants of Narva to Vologda took place in 1708 and also affected Sigismund Adam Wolff and his son.<\/p>

After the conquest of Livonia by Peter the Great had been completed, the mayor of Narva traveled to court in 1710 with the request to be allowed to bring the resettled inhabitants back. This request was not granted until 1714.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Peter the Great at the handover of the sword of capitulation by Sigismund Adam Wolff in Narva: painting by John Trumbull, 1704<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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In the years that followed, Peter the Great stayed in Narva several times, and a personal friendship with Sigismund Adam Wolff was attributed to him. In 1708, however, the announcement followed that all citizens of Narva who had been in Narva during the Swedish period were to be deported to Russia. The resettlement of 1,700 inhabitants of Narva to Vologda took place in 1708 and also affected Sigismund Adam Wolff and his son.<\/p>

After the conquest of Livonia by Peter the Great had been completed, the mayor of Narva traveled to court in 1710 with the request to be allowed to bring the resettled inhabitants back. This request was not granted until 1714.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Peter the Great at the handover of the sword of capitulation by Sigismund Adam Wolff in Narva: painting by John Trumbull, 1704<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Also in 1714, Peter the Great concluded a treaty with the Dorpat Knighthood, by which he transferred to it the administration and governance of the district, with the right to elect all officials and judges. The German translation of this treaty is certified as correct by the handwritten signature of Sigismund Adam Wolff.<\/p>

In 1715, Sigismund Adam Wolff was appointed secretary of the knighthood of the Dorpat district. In consideration of his age, he requested his dismissal in 1718, which was refused, so that he held the office until 1720. In the same year, the progenitor of the Livonian and Russian Wolffs died of a stroke with paralysis.

His son Sigismund Adam Wolff had followed his father to Dorpat and had served since 1715 as assessor for all officials of the court of order, the guardianship authority, and the police authority. In 1718, however, he declared his intention to go to Saint Petersburg.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Afterword on the Progenitor Sigismund Adam Wolff<\/h4>

\u2018The handling of all matters concerning the knighthood, \u201c\u2026\u201d, the consultation on all legal questions, the keeping of the Landtag records and the signing thereof together with the Land Marshal belonged to the duties of the knighthood secretary. That this task fell to Sigismund Adam Wolff may be regarded as a worthy conclusion to his life, in which, as his funeral oration states, he had been a diligent man, accomplished great work, and had not spared himself in doing so.\u2019<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Saint Petersburg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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As early as 1718, the son Sigismund Adam Wolff declared that he wished to go to Saint Petersburg; from there he had received an appointment as councillor to the Imperial College of Justice, which had been newly organized by Peter the Great as part of his comprehensive reform of the Russian state system.

Peter the Great had already shown himself impressed by Sigismund Adam Wolff in 1704 and appointed him Narva court bailiff. Peter the Great was very impressed by the German Balts and by the highly progressive administration of the knighthoods for the conditions of the time, as well as by their sense for structure, organization, and in particular incorruptibility, so that he summoned Sigismund Adam Wolff and other German Balts to various collegia. Sigismund Adam set about \u2018diligently\u2019 giving structure to the new authorities and paid particular attention to the selection of officials.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sigismund Adam Wolff was soon appointed vice president and thus became the second most important member of the council. In 1725, his extraordinary services to the Russian Empire were recognized and he was granted the estates of Lusitfer, Kurrista, Kallik\u00fcll, and Tappik in Livonia. In 1726, Sigismund Adam Wolff was admitted to the Livonian Knighthood. In 1729, admission to the Estonian register of nobility followed; by diploma in 1747 he was elevated to the rank of \u2018Banner and Baron of the Holy Roman Empire.\u2019
A particular merit of Sigismund Adam Wolff was that he succeeded in ensuring that the Estonian and Livonian courts and courts of revision conducted proceedings in the German language, and that Estonian and Livonian matters were handled in a special ministry directly subordinate to the Ministry of Justice. In 1735, civil legal disputes were explicitly subordinated to this special ministry. Further special privileges for Estonia and Livonia followed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sigismund Adam Wolff had his brother Jacob Wolff come to Saint Petersburg, who had already amassed great wealth through trade at an early stage and was even mentioned in the memoirs of Poniatowski, in the letters of Count Vorontsov, and among the elders of the cabinet of the empress. His country house and gardens on the road between Strelna and Peterhof, as well as a second country house on the Great Nevka in Saint Petersburg, were distinguished by size, beauty, and the careful maintenance of the gardens. Even today, the two streets that led to the entrance of this country house by the river are called Great and Little Wulff Street. In 1748, he was elevated to the status of \u2018Banner and Imperial Baron of the Holy Roman Empire.\u2019<\/p>\n

Through the granting of the estates located in the Oberpahlen parish to Sigismund Adam Wolff, inner Livonia became the homeland of his descendants. They devoted themselves to their estates and to service to the land. For more than <\/em><\/strong>one century, there is not a single one among these descendants who did not make state service his life\u2019s task.<\/p>\n

At the end of the 19th century, further members of the family appear in Petersburg:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOtto Wolff war Generalleutnant und dem Kriegsminister zu besonderen Auftr\u00e4gen attachiert, der ihn mit Revisionen betraute, f\u00fcr die er durch seine
    Gradlinigkeit und Unbestechlichkeit bei gro\u00dfer Herzensg\u00fcte besonders geeignet war.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPaul Wolff, colonel of the \u2018Garde-\u00e0-cheval,\u2019 became an official for special assignments at the court ministry.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFriedrich Wolff, colonel of the cuirassiers of the emperor, became adjutant to the commander-in-chief during the World War of 1914\/1918, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArist Wolff worked from 1895 to 1905 in the chancery of the minister of foreign affairs, the central authority of the foreign office.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Boris Wolff was cabinet secretary to Queen Olga of W\u00fcrttemberg, Grand Duchess of Russia, from 1879 to 1892. From 1908 to 1910, he was in the personal service of Queen Olga, responsible for all charitable and philanthropic purposes in W\u00fcrttemberg, which included, for example, the Olgastift in Stuttgart, hospitals, and children\u2019s homes.<\/p>

    Nicolas Wolff managed the assets of the empress and the imperial children as an official of a chancery of Empress Alexandra from 1895 to 1900 and supervised the personal expenditures of the emperor. In 1900, Nicolas Wolff assumed the management of the Imperial Manufactories, which he directed until 1912. From 1912 to 1917, Nicolas Wolff served in the Fourth Imperial Duma as a representative of the large landowners of Livonia. The session records of the Duma for the years 1913\/1914 contain the name of Nicolas Wolff more frequently in connection with reports than that of any other member of the Duma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    University of Dorpat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    The Livonian Knighthood has always devoted intense interest to the care of education. Thus, the Landtag decided in 1737 to make the establishment of elementary schools compulsory. The same interest was shown by the Landtag in the establishment of a provincial university. The university founded in Dorpat in 1632 by Gustavus Adolphus was continually threatened in its existence. In 1653, the university approached the Livonian Knighthood and demanded its preservation and financial support. In 1665, the Swedish government sought an opinion regarding the university, which had practically ceased to exist in 1656. In 1687, the Livonian Knighthood took the initiative and urged King Charles XI to reopen the university, with the result that the university was reopened in 1690. The Livonian Knighthood assumed the patronage of the University of Dorpat until the capitulation of 1710. Only in 1798, upon the petition of the Livonian Knighthood, did a decree of Emperor Paul I order the founding of a Baltic provincial university.

    On 24 February 1802, the University of Dorpat was opened, and \u00a7 7 of the founding charter stipulated that the university was intended as an institution of the Livonian Knighthood, but increasingly emancipated itself from it.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    For the Wolff family, the University of Dorpat became a place of attraction. In addition to the 26 members of the family who were admitted to the \u2018Corporation Livonia,\u2019 the following 14 relatives also studied in Dorpat:

    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    1813 \u2013 1814 Heinrich Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1821 \u2013 1824 Gottlieb Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1829 \u2013 1830 Rudolf Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1830 Sigismund Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1835 Leonhard Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1843 \u2013 1844 Paul Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1846 \u2013 1854 Ferdinand Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1849 \u2013 1853 Boris Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1853 \u2013 1855 Ludwig Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1868 \u2013 1869 Arel Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1874 \u2013 1876 Paul Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1979 \u2013 1884 Richard Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1881 \u2013 1882 Joseph Wolff<\/strong>
    \n1885 Maximilian Wolff<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    \u201eCorporation Livonia\u201c at Dorpat\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    The Corporation was a student fraternity that was founded on 20 September 1822 at the University of Dorpat. Within the corporation, the compatriots of Livonia gathered, whose strong differences of estate were neutralized within active student life. The motto of Livonia was: \u201cLet things remain as they are!\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Wappen\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Coats of arms of the German student fraternities in Dorpat,
    Riga, and St. Petersburg (1931)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t300th Anniversary of the University of Dorpat (1932)<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn 1939, the corporation in Dorpat was suspended when the Balts were resettled on the occasion of the Hitler\u2013Stalin Pact. A large part of the brothers of Livonia fell in the years 1917 to 1920 and in the Second World War, in resistance to Bolshevism and for the freedom of Livonia and Estonia.<\/span><\/p>\nThe Philister Association of Livonia was dissolved in 1997; the last of the formerly more than 1,600 members died on 13 October 2007.<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\tNotable members of Livonia:<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGustav von Bunge (1844\u20131920), physician and physiologist in Basel, key member of the abstinence movement<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer (1808\u20131887), jurist, First Mayor of Hamburg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWalter von Engelhardt (1864\u20131940), landscape architect, director of the municipal garden office of D\u00fcsseldorf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAxel Freiherr von Freytagh-Loringhoven (1878\u20131942), jurist, member of the Reichstag<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAdolf von Harnack (1851\u20131930), theologian, rector of the University of Marburg and of the Royal Prussian State Library<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFriedrich Hollmann (1833\u20131900), General Superintendent of Livonia, poet of the color song of Livonia<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJakob Hurt (1839\u20131907), pastor, founder of the Estonian National Museum<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tErhard Kroeger (1905\u20131987), commander of Einsatzkommando 6, excluded from the corporation in 1935 due to a matter of honor<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWalter Masing (1915\u20132004), physicist, founding president of the German Society for Quality<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSiegfried von Vegesack (1888\u20131974), translator and writer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\tFrom the family of the Barons von Wolff, the following were involved in the active student life of Livonia:<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      1837\u20131839 Bernhard Wolff
      1840\u20131842 Max Wolff
      1843\u20131846 Gottlieb Wolff
      1844\u20131847 Richard Wolff
      1846\u20131850 Alexander Wolff
      1848\u20131853 Ernst Wolff
      1861\u20131862 Heinrich Wolff
      1871\u00a0Boris Wolff
      1873\u20131877 Conrad Wolff
      1874\u20131877 James Wolff
      1876\u20131878 Haarn Wolff
      1877\u20131878 Gaston Wolff
      1879\u20131883 Arved Wolff
      1879 \u2013 1883 Arist Wolff
      1879 \u2013 1884 Friedrich Wolff
      1882 \u2013 1886 Emil Wolff
      1884 \u2013 1888 Ren\u00e9 Wolff
      1885\u20131886 Leon Wolff
      1885\u20131888 Otto Wolff
      1885\u20131889 Nicolas Wolff
      1887\u20131891 Joseph Wolff
      1892\u20131893 Werner Wolff
      1900\u20131901 Kurt Wolff
      1907\u20131910 Egon Wolff
      1907\u20131911 Sigismund Wolff
      1907\u20131909 Ralph Wolff<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      The \"Livonian Noble Estates Credit Society\"<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Based on the experiences of the revolutionary year 1789, the Livonian nobility raised the question of creating a credit society based on mutual liability of large landed property. The society was founded following the model of the Prussian credit institution.<\/p>

      The extensive landholdings of the family resulted in a lasting interest in the development of the credit society and in solving its principal tasks: \u2018consolidation of rural large landed property, creation of a viable peasant property.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

      As members of the supreme directorate councils, the following from the family contributed to the development of the credit society:<\/p>

      1818 \u2013 1821\u00a0 Adam Sigismund Wolff
      1857 \u2013 1859 Max Wolff
      1875 \u2013 1883 Ludwig Wolff
      1883 \u2013 1895 Paul Wolff
      1901 \u2013 1920 Arved Wolff<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      \u201eFor a long, undisturbed flourishing for the benefit of Livonia\u201c\u2014this was the wording of the congratulatory address of the Livonian Knighthood to the Livonian Noble Estates Credit Society, which the knighthood conveyed in 1902 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the society.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Die \"Kaiserliche Livl\u00e4ndische Gemeinn\u00fctzige und \u00d6konomische Soziet\u00e4t\"<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      1765 wurde in St. Petersburg von der Kaiserin Katharina II die \u201eFreie \u00d6konomische Soziet\u00e4t\u201c gegr\u00fcndet, deren Mitglied die Kaiser war und auch pers\u00f6nlich an Sitzungen der Soziet\u00e4t beiwohnte. Friedrich Wolff geh\u00f6rte der Sozit\u00e4t von Gr\u00fcndung an und machte sich im folgenden um diese verdient.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      1792 wurde die \u201eLivl\u00e4ndische Gemeinn\u00fctzige und \u00d6konomische Soziet\u00e4t\u201c gegr\u00fcndet, der in der der Folge, am 14.03.1855, das Pr\u00e4dikat \u201eKaiserliche\u201c verliehen wurde. Die Zahl der Ehrenmitglieder war unbegrenzt, die Zahl der ordentlichen Mitglieder war auf 13 beschr\u00e4nkt. Dadurch war eine zielorientierte Arbeit gew\u00e4hrleistet und die Soziet\u00e4t besa\u00df eine besondere Anziehungskraft auf Kandidaten und genoss ein allgemeines hohes Ansehen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      From the family, Ordinary Members<\/u> of the society were:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      1800 \u2013 1815\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Johann Gottlieb II Wolff
      1828 \u2013 1838\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Otto Wolff
      1829 \u2013 1851\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Johann Gottlieb Wolff
      1841 \u2013 1856\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gottlieb Wolff
      1858 \u2013 1863\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bernhard Wolff
      1863 \u2013 1867\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ferdinand Wolff
      1871 \u2013 1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Joseph Wolff
      1902 \u2013 1912\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Joseph Wolff\u00a0<\/p>\n

      Honorary Members<\/u> elected were:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      22.01.1851\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gottlieb Wolff
      25.01.1851\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Joseph Wolff
      17.01.1856\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gottlieb Wolff
      15.01.1867\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ferdinand Wolff
      17.07.1874\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Richard Wolff
      18.10.1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alexander Wolff<\/p>\n


      In 1813, the seat of the society was relocated to Dorpat. The society increasingly became a representative of North Livonian interests, which subsequently led to the creation of a similarly structured charitable and agricultural society in South Livonia.<\/p>\n

      Der Soziet\u00e4t war ma\u00dfgeblich an der landwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung Livlands beteiligt. Um die Ziele der Soziet\u00e4t besser verfolgen zu k\u00f6nnen, initiierte die Soziet\u00e4t bis 1903 insgesamt 29 Vereine. Darunter waren unter anderem:<\/p>\n

      1841 \u2018Sheep Breeders\u2019 Association\u2019
      \n1844 \u2018Livonian Association for the Promotion of Industry and Agriculture\u2019
      \n1853 \u2018Dorpat Naturalists\u2019 Society\u2019
      \n1859 Agricultural \u2018Managers\u2019 School\u2019 until 1916
      \n1861 \u2018Livonian Mutual Fire Insurance,\u2019 which continued until 1920
      \n1867 \u2018Baltic Forestry Association\u2019
      \n1895 \u2018Association for the Promotion of Livonian Horse Breeding\u2019
      \n1897 Establishment of meteorological stations, which continued until 1915
      \n1897 \u2018Livonian-Estonian Office for Regional Culture\u2019
      \n1900 Founding of a surveying office
      \n1904 Founding of a road construction department
      \n1907 Founding of the forestry office with the department of forest utilization
      \n1912 Founding of the \u2018Economic Calculation Office and Central Accounting Office\u2019
      \n1908 \u2018Peat Association\u2019<\/p>\n

      The society also initiated the manufacture of glazed bricks, roof shingles, flax-breaking and threshing machines, and cement production.\"<\/p>\n

      The family, however, showed particularly strong interest in livestock breeding and the issues associated with it.<\/p>\n

      With the increasing emancipation of the peasants, it became the task of large landed property to assist the peasants in their newly gained freedom. The family assumed a pioneering role in this regard and used the circumstances to create small enterprises and manufactories.<\/p>\n

      Thus, on the following \u2018Wolff\u2019 estates, water power was developed for wood and wool processing: Alsweig, Dickeln, Korwenhof, Neu-Laitzen, Lettin, Lindenberg, Lindenhof, Lysohn, Mahlup, Metzk\u00fcll, Paltemal, Rehsack, Schluckum, Alt-Schwanenburg, Stomersee, Suddenbach, and Waldenrode.<\/p>\n

      Brickworks were established in Alswig, Dickeln, Finanden, Friedrichswalde, Ilsen, Kalnemoise, Gro\u00df-Rangern, Lindenberg, Lubahn, Lysohn, Mahlup, Metzk\u00fcll, Meiran, Paltemal, Alt-Schwanenburg, and Semershof.<\/p>\n

      Spirits production and marketing emerged on the estates of Fianden, Ilsen, Kragenhof, Lindenhof, Lysohn, Mahlup, Alt-Schwanenburg, Semershof, and Stomersee.
      The family of the Barons von Wolff held retail licenses for Saint Petersburg (1847), Moscow, Kiev (1855), and the Moscow Railway.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Merits for Livonia and Estonia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      It is a peculiar fate of the Wolffs that, having had to fear for their existence for 2.5 centuries in their former homeland of Sagan under difficult political, confessional, and economic conditions, they so successfully established their new existence in Livonia and Estonia.<\/p>

      They devoted their heart and skills to the development of their new homeland. The number of family members who rendered distinguished service to the country are in particular:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      District Councillors:<\/u><\/h4>
      • Johann Gottlieb Wolff II<\/li>
      • Johann Gottlieb Wolff III<\/li>
      • Richard Wolff<\/li>
      • Friedrich Wolff<\/li>
      • James Wolff<\/li>
      • Nicolas Wolff<\/li>
      • Joseph Wolff<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
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        District Deputies:
        <\/u><\/h4>
        • Otto Sigismund Wolff<\/li>
        • Sigismund Adam Wolff<\/li>
        • Heinrich Wolff<\/li>
        • Gottlieb Wolff<\/li>
        • Max Wolff<\/li>
        • Viktor Wolff Eduard<\/li>
        • Wolff<\/li>
        • Manfred Wolff<\/li>
        • Heinrich Wolff<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
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          Treasury Deputies:<\/h4>
          • Max Wolff<\/li>
          • Ferdinand Wolff<\/li><\/ul>

            Knighthood Secretaries:<\/h4>
            • Johann Gottlieb I Wolff<\/li>
            • Otto Sigismund Wolff<\/li><\/ul>

              Knighthood Notary:
              <\/u><\/h4>
              • Richard Wolff<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                President of the Consistory:<\/h4>
                • Richard Wolff<\/li><\/ul>

                  Vice President of the Court of Justice:<\/h4>
                  • Sigismund Adam III Wolff<\/li><\/ul>

                    Assessor of the Court of Justice:<\/h4>

                    Sigismund Adam Wolff<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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                    Councillors of the Livonian Noble Estates Credit Society:<\/h4>
                    • Sigismund Adam Wolff<\/li>
                    • Max Wolff<\/li>
                    • Paul Wolff<\/li>
                    • Ludwig Wolff<\/li>
                    • Arved Wolff<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                      District Judge and 6 Assessors of the District Court:<\/h4>
                      • Johann Gottlieb III Wolff<\/li>
                      • Johann Gottlieb II Wolff<\/li>
                      • Sigismund Adam Wolff<\/li>
                      • Gottlieb Wolff<\/li>
                      • Gottlieb Wolff<\/li>
                      • James Wolff<\/li>
                      • Arthur Wolff<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                        2 Circuit Judges and 6 Assessors of the Circuit Court:<\/h4>
                        • Sigismund Adam IV Wolff<\/li>
                        • Johann Gottlieb III Wolff<\/li>
                        • Richard Wolff<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          Judges of Order and 2 Substitutes and Adjuncts:<\/h4>
                          • Friedrich Wolff<\/li>
                          • Arved Wolff<\/li>
                          • Gaston Wolff<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                            Among the other Wolffs, most served in military service or, mostly unpaid, in the chanceries of the district courts, the credit society, as parish judges, church wardens, parish heads, and the like.<\/p>

                            Die Familie hatte an dem wirtschaftlichen Erfolg Livlands und der Entwicklung des l\u00e4ndlichen Raumes ganz ma\u00dfgeblichen Anteil. Durch\u00a0die famili\u00e4re Vernetzung der \u201eLivl\u00e4ndische Adelige G\u00fcterkreditsoziet\u00e4t\u201c mit der \u201eKaiserliche Livl\u00e4ndische Gemeinn\u00fctzige und \u00d6konomische Soziet\u00e4t\u201c und\u00a0ihrem Einfluss in die Livl\u00e4ndischen Ritterschaft konnten wichtige Entscheidungen herbeigef\u00fchrt und Reformen durchgesetzt werden.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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                            Sources: See Imprint<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Historische Entwicklung der Freiherren von Wolff in Gro\u00df-Livland Eine lutherische, orthodoxe und katholische Ratsherrenfamilie aus Sagan (Niederschlesien), die sich im Dorf Sagan niedergelassen hat und…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7261","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/freiherren-von-wolff.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/freiherren-von-wolff.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/freiherren-von-wolff.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freiherren-von-wolff.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freiherren-von-wolff.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7261"}],"version-history":[{"count":238,"href":"https:\/\/freiherren-von-wolff.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7261\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10145,"href":"https:\/\/freiherren-von-wolff.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7261\/revisions\/10145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/freiherren-von-wolff.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}